More than 20 people returning to the U.S. from Cuba have been infected with a virus transmitted by bugs in recent months, American federal health officials said Tuesday. They all had Oropouche virus disease, also known as sloth fever.
None have died, and there is no evidence that it's spreading in the United States. But officials are warning U.S. doctors to be on the lookout for the infection in travellers coming from Cuba and South America.
Here's a look at the illness and what sparked the alert:
Oropouche is a virus that is native to forested tropical areas. It was first identified in 1955 in a 24-year-old forest worker on the island of Trinidad, and was named for a nearby village and wetlands.
It has sometimes been called sloth fever because scientists first investigating the virus found it in a three-toed sloth, and believed sloths were important in its spread between insects and animals.
The virus is spread to humans by small biting flies called midges, and by some types of mosquitoes. Humans have become infected while visiting forested areas and are believed to be responsible for helping the virus make its way to towns and cities, but person-to-person transmission hasn't been documented.
Beginning late last year, the virus was identified as the cause of large outbreaks in Amazon regions where it was known to exist, as well as in new areas in South America and the Caribbean. About 8,000 locally acquired cases have been reported in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru.
Some travellers have been diagnosed with it in the U.S. and Europe. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday said 21 U.S. cases have been reported so far -- 20 in Florida and one in New York -- all of whom had been in Cuba. European health officials previously said they had found 19 cases, nearly all among travellers.
A female Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito is seen on the skin of a human host in this 2014 photo provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (James Gathany/CDC via AP)
Symptoms can seem similar to other tropical diseases like dengue, Zika or malaria. Fever, headaches and muscle aches are common, and some infected people also suffer diarrhea, nausea, vomiting or rash.
Some patients suffer recurring symptoms, and 1 in 20 can suffer more severe symptoms like bleeding, meningitis and encephalitis. It is rarely fatal, though there are recent reports of deaths in two healthy young people in Brazil.
There are no vaccines to prevent infections and no medicines available to treat the symptoms.
In Brazil, officials are investigating reports that infections might be passed on from a pregnant woman to a fetus -- a potentially frightening echo of what was seen during Zika outbreaks nearly a decade ago.
The CDC has recommended that pregnant women avoid non-essential travel to Cuba and suggested all travellers take steps to prevent bug bites, such as using insect repellents and wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
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