Paris is aiming to reduce 75 per cent of its greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, so could these futuristic green skyscrapers be the way forward?
"2050 Paris Smart City" is a research and development project for Paris City Hall carried out by Vincent Callebaut Architectures. It features eight high-rise buildings which recycle their own energies in a short loop through innovative systems.
The buildings include "Mountain Towers" in the city's first arrondissement or district, that blend solar, hydrodynamic and planted buildings, using bio-air conditioning systems.
The "Antismog Towers" in the 14th district are described as an "ecologic corridor" 23 km long, punctuated by depolluting photo-catalytic towers.
A striking complex called "Photosynthesis Towers" in the 15th, to be built in a vertical spiral and featuring organic facades of green algae, has also been suggested, alongside "Bamboo Nest Towers," a series of thermodynamic garden structures featuring food gardens and orchards on balconies.